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CHINA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NEWSLETTER
The Ministry of Science and
Technology
People's Republic of China
N0.315 December 10,2002
IN THIS
ISSUE
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*
China's S and T Papers Increased in Number Rating the Sixth
Place in the World
* Attracting More Overseas Chinese
Students
* China's Natural Forest Protection
*
China's Ark II 32-Digit Built-in Microprocessor
* New
Human Genes Discovered
* Progress on Optic Storage
* China's Circulator II into
Operation
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SPECIAL
ISSUES
China's S and T Papers Increased in
Number Rating the Sixth Place in the World
On
December 10, 2002, the Institute of Scientific and Technical
Information of China announced that China's international S
and T papers have applauded for an upgraded position to the
6th place ahead of Italy and Canada in the world, following
its overtaking Russia in 1999.
As shown by the
statistics, the total number of S and T papers authored by
the Chinese scientists published internationally
in 2001 saw an increase at a large margin. Altogether three
internationally renowned S and T paper retrieving systems
such as Science Citation Index (SCI), Index to Scientific
and Technological Proceedings (ISTP) and Engineering Index
(EI) collected 64,526 Chinese S and T papers in the year,
landing a growth of 29.9% against 2000, or a growth 24.7%
higher than that of the world S and T papers development. As
a result, China's weight reached 4.4% of the world total, or
0.8% up against the previous year, which made China advance
to the 6th place following the U.S., Japan, UK, Germany and
France.
In 2001, Chinese papers collected by
SCI that mainly reflects the progress on basic studies
reached 35,685 in number, or 17% up than the previous year,
maintaining China's 8th place in the world. EI dedicated to
engineering studies collected 18,578 Chinese papers, or 41%
more than those of 2000, though China has remained in its
3rd place after the U.S. and Japan as it did in the previous
year. As shown by the statistics published by ISTP, China
enjoyed a large increased collection up to 10, 263, or 4,247
more than those in 2000, advancing its place from the 8th to
the 6th in the world.
In the meantime, China
witnessed the enhanced influence of its international S and
T papers. In 2001, the number of citation went up from
15,733 papers in 2000 to 18,358 papers with an increased
frequency from 31,354 times to 38,827 times, landing the
respective growth of 16.7% and 23.8%.
Attracting More Overseas Chinese Students
Hou Jianliang, Vice Minister of the Personnel
expressed recently that the Chinese Ministry of
Personnel would strengthen its efforts in three major
aspects to encourage and attract more overseas Chinese
students to serve their motherland.
China will
further improve its policy environment. The Chinese Ministry
of Personnel has published the policies on encouraging
overseas high caliber Chinese students to return and serve
the country in different forms. The Ministry will
further work out and perfect detailed measures to address
living and working conditions of those returned experts,
creating fine policy environment for their businesses in
China.
China will construct business platforms
to improve and promote the construction of industrial parks
for the returned, strengthening the guidance and supporting
role of both central and local authorities in the
construction of industrial parks, enriching and expanding
the service functions of these parks, further optimizing the
business environment for the returned and creating broad
arena for their business undertakings in China.
In addition, China will upgrade its
information channels through strengthening the cooperation
between different regions, governmental agencies and social
organizations by returned overseas students, and through
enhancing the communications with overseas Chinese students.
China will also tap up its online information resources and
construct overseas Chinese students database, facilitating
communications between mainland China and the foreign
countries, and providing services for overseas Chinese
students who are planning to return to China to work, open
their businesses or provide various services for their
motherland in different forms and at different levels.
It is briefed that since China opened its door
to the outside world in reform, Chinese students who pursued
their studies abroad have reached 460,000 and more in
number. So far 150,000 of them have returned. There are now
60 and odd industrial parks in the country dedicated to
returned overseas Chinese students for running their pilot
businesses. In these parks stationed nearly 4000 enterprises
created by nearly 10,000 returned Chinese.
Service Invention Becomes Investments and
Equities
Wang Jingchuan, Chief of the Chinese
State Intellectual Property Office recently disclosed that
his Office would work on regulations for service invention
and relevant by-laws in the new year, so as to make clear
about distribution of patented technologies among its
participators when such technologies are taken as major
production elements. In addition, China will regulate the
patent technology transfer activities, establishing the
mechanism for patent interest and incentive distribution for
enterprises and governmental agencies and the whole society,
and encouraging creating patent based businesses with
relevant policies and measures. Wang also expressed that the
Chinese government would support high tech projects of fine
market perspectives to apply for patent both at home and
abroad and support them to obtain bank loans with their
patents as deposit. In the meantime, higher learning and
research institutions are encouraged to transfer their high
tech projects to industries by sharing the benefits from
intellectual properties. Returned overseas Chinese students
are also encouraged to make their investment in domestic
businesses with their patents as equities. Chinese
authorities will further explore approaches to making
service invention an investment or equity while encouraging
non-service inventors to join in businesses with their
patents.
China's Natural Forest Protection
It is reported from the State Forestry
Administration that since the full-fledged implementation of
natural forest resources protection project in 2000, China
has witnessed remarkable achievements attained from the
project.
It is briefed that the project covers
an extensive area over 734 counties in 17 provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities, targeting the major
national forested areas in the upper reaches of Yangtze
River, upper and middle reaches of Yellow River, the
Northeast section and Inner Mongolia. In the last 4 years of
the implementation, the central government has made a huge
investment as much as RMB 28.69 billion. As a result, 13
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities over the
upper reaches of Yangtze River and the upper and middle
reaches of Yellow River have entirely ceased the commercial
felling of the natural timber resources and the timber
production was reduced to the desired quota. The timber
output volume of the major state owned forestry farms in
Northeast China and Inner Mongolia has been reduced from
18.54 million m3 in 1997 to the current 12.13
million m3. The project has led to the effective protection
of 1.413 billion mu of the forested area and the public
afforestation of 123 million mu(1mu=0.0667ha.) on a
cumulative basis.
At present, some local
ecological environment has seen remarkable improvement
within the project area and the tendency of ecological
environmental deterioration of the reaches of Yangtze River
and Yellow River has been basically curbed. As shown by the
analysis results produced by four ecological benefits
positioning and monitoring stations located in Ganzi, Aba,
Liangshan Mount. and Panzhihua in Sichuan Province, the live
timber volume has increased by 23.94 million m3 and 200
million tons of mud and sand been detained in the course of
the implementation. The project has protected and improved
the living habitat of wild animals and plants and rare
Northeast Chinese tigers make their appearance again after
their long disappearance. The population of wild animals
under the national first rate protection such as pandas and
golden monkeys in the southwest forested areas are growing
year by year.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
China's Ark II 32-Digit
Built-in Microprocessor
Following last year
when China changed its history of having no cores for its
microprocessors with the birth of Ark I microprocessor,
Ark-II, a 32-digit built-in microprocessor with the more
powerful performance made its appearance on December 18,
2002.
As is briefed by Beijing Ark Science and
Technology Co. Ltd., Ark-II is a 2 cm2 chip housing the
major components such as CPU, a net card, a sound card and a
smart card, fully compatible against other overseas
manufactured top products in the field. When compared with
its predecessor Ark-I, Ark-II has an improved main frequency
from 166MHZ to 400 MHZ but greatly reduced power consumption
by 3/4. With the strong market competitiveness, Ark-II has
been ready for mass production.
At present
Shenzhou Digital Group and Beijing Orient Electronics Corp.
have made the Ark series microprocessor the heart of their
network computers. It is reported that Zhongguancun S&T
Park has decided to establish an industrial chains including
R&D, applications, design, packaging and testing
centering on the Ark series microprocessors.
New Human Genes Discovered
Shenzhen Institute of Blood Transfusion has
for the first time in the world discovered 3 new gene
samples among Chinese population. The further genetic
sequencing has revealed that they are all new genes. The
three new HLA genes have been officially named by HLA
Nomination Committee under the World Health Organization.
In the meantime, WHO has acknowledged the
names for these three genes as SZ-1, SZ-2 and SZ-3.
Of the three new HLA genes, two were discovered
from healthy persons and the other from a patient with
congenital propyl deficiency. It is briefed that the new
discovery may help to improve the survival rate of China's
bone marrow and organ transplanting.
The World
First Protein Chip Certified
The Chinese
Academy of Military Medical Sciences recently announced that
hepatitis C protein chip developed by its scientists has
been granted with new drug certificate for biological
products Class One by the Chinese State Drug Supervision
Bureau. It is reported that this is not only the first of
its kind in China but also the first protein chip with new
drug certificate granted by governmental drug authorities in
the world.
The two-inch sized protein chip has
been put into production by Shenzhen Yishengtang Biological
Industries Co. Ltd.. It is briefed that the chip may tell
the result with only two microlitres of serum or plasma (or
one tenth of a drop of blood) in one hour at a cost about
RMB 100. The successful development of the chip will
effectively reduce the time and cost for preventing such
diseases.
China's New Cancer Killer
The project for the industrialized production
of the new anti-cancer blood porphyrin raw materials and
medicinal injection was recently put into operation in
Chongqing. It is briefed that the new drug, nicknamed as
optic missile is of a unique affinity with malignant tumors.
When getting into human body through venous injection, the
drug will travel to the tissues of malignant tumors through
blood circulation system, congregating and staying there.
Afterwards, laser lights at certain wavelength
will be shone at the target tumor and cause optic reaction
of blood porphyrin which would produce a mono-oxygen able to
directly kill tumor tissues without any damage to normal
tissues.
The new drug can be used to treat
cancers in lung, stomach, liver and external parts of body
with its cost lower than the conventional cancer drugs by
half. The phase III clinic testing has shown that blood
porphyrin may produce an effective curing rate as high as
97.8% on shallow cancers and nearly 80% on inner cancers. In
the meantime, the new drug can be applied to cancer
diagnosis.
Progress on Optic Storage
Chinese S and T researchers have recently
worked out the so-called multi-wavelength and multi-medium
storage technology, which constitutes a key innovation on
the qhysical format of optic storage technique. The new
technology is able to greatly increase the storage volume
and data transmission rate on the basis of the original
technology without changing the size of the recording medium
and is a new solution to the next generation optic storage
technique after DVD technique. The new product is a match
against the so-called blue DVD developed by overseas
manufacturers. It is briefed that China will, on
the basis of the development, create its proprietary optic
disc format and standards tailored to China's own needs,
which will help the Chinese optic storage industry
fundamentally change the confinement imposed by the foreign
monopoly groups.
NEWS BRIEFS
China's Circulator II into Operation
On December 1, 2002, Unit A of China
Circulator II, a major national scientific project was
completed of its construction and put into operation. Being
a major collaborative project between China and Germany,
HL-2A constructed by the Southwest Institute of Physics can
be used to conduct physical studies of trapping improvement
under high parameter plasma condition and cutting edge
nuclear fusion topics and associated engineering
technologies in its unique closed large divertor structures.
Its objective is in accordance with the direction of the
world-advanced study on nuclear fusion. The development will
contribute to the progress of the world advanced Tokmak and
the international nuclear fusion studies.
China's National Standards for Open Digital
Programming
China published its national
standards for open digital programmed systems on December 3,
2002 and the new standards will come into effect on January
1st, 2003. The development will lead to the
breakthrough in the so-called digital programming bottleneck
restricting China's manufacturing industry.
Experts believe that the proprietary standards
will not only constitute the threshold for getting into
China's digital programming market but also provide an open
platform for secondary development of manufacturers under a
set of regulations and standards.
The State
Economic and Trade Commission started to organize the
development of the new generation platform for open digital
programmed system in June 2000. Thanks to the two-year
efforts, the national standards named the Outlines for Open
Digital Programmed System was formulated. So far the
hardware platform and Linux and Windows NT operating system
based software applied to the said technical standards have
found applications and some of their products been used by
machine tools and mechanic products on a trial basis.
The World Leading Position on Metal Corrosion
Jinweishi QD anti-penetration solvent
developed by Beijing Jiufang Tonghui Material Protection
Technology Co. Ltd. has recently passed the experts'
verification. Experts believe that the proprietary
product is extremely good at salt fog resistance and
possesses fine capacity for water, especially sea water
displacement. With its numerous merits such as
high flashing point, low viscosity, super thin filming and
fine lubricating, the product is of the internationally
advanced level, which has filled up the domestic blank for
high performance anti-penetration protection solvent that is
of broad application perspectives.
China
Patent Application Booms
As of November, 2002,
the Chinese Patent Office has registered 1.59 million patent
applications on a cumulative basis.
During the
period from January to November this year, China's domestic
patent applications reached 184,744 pieces, or 18.6% up
against those of the same period of last year with
remarkably increased application of 22.6% for invention. In
view of the distribution of these applications, the nation's
eastern region recorded higher than those in the west with
strong ascending tendency for the old industrial bases in
northeast China. Guangdong Province has taken the
lead among the provinces enjoying the largest share of
patent applications by securing a growth of 20.8% for its
31,621 pieces of applications.
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